The constitution of India had conferred on women equal rights and opportunities - political, social, educational and of employment with men. Because of oppressive traditions, superstitions, exploitation and corruption, a majority of women are not allowed to enjoy the rights and opportunities, bestowed on them, among women.
Education is the main instrument through which we can narrow down the prevailing inequality and accelerate the process of economic and political change in the status of women. The role of women in a society is very important.
Women's education is the key to better life in the future. Women's political empowerment got a big boost with the Panchayati Raj Act of 1993 which gave them 30 per cent reservation in Village Panchayats, Block Samities ans Zila Parishads throughout the country. The National Commission for women was also setup in 1992 to act as a lobby for women's issues. Women's education has not received due care and attention from the plannners and policy makers.
The National Commission for Women has rightly pointed out that even after 69 years of Independence, women continue to be treated as the single largest group of backward citizens of India. The role of women in overall development has not been fully understood nor has it been given its full weight in the struggle to eliminate poverty, hunger, injustice and inequality at the national level.
The prevailing cultural norms of gender behaviour and the perceived domestic and reproductive role of women tend to affect the education of the girls. A negative attitude towards sending girls to schools, restrictions on their mobility, early marriage, poverty and illiteracy of parents affect the girls participation in education.
Even when we are already in the 21st century, our society still discriminates against women in matters of their rights and privileges and prevents them from participating in the process of national and societal progress. Various Committees and commission after Independence to evaluate the progress in women's education and to suggest ways and means to enhance the status of women.
The female literacy rate has gone up in the 20th century from 0.6 per cent in 1901 to 39.29 per cent in 1991, But India still possesses the largest number of illiterate women in the world. The female literacy index for the year 1991 shows that there are eight states which fall below the national average.
The most populous states of the country --UP, MP, Bihar and Rajasthan -- fall in the category of most backward states as far as female literacy is concerned. A recent world Bank study says that educating girls is not a charity. It is good economics and if developing nation are to eradicate poverty, they must educate the girls.
The educational system is the only instrument which can counteract the deep foundation of inequality of sexes that are built in the minds of people through the socialization process. Education is the most important instrument of human resources development.
Educational system should be used to revolutionise the traditional attitudes and inculcate new values of equality The report says that the economic and social returns on investments in education of the girls considerably affect the Human development Index of their nation. Society would progress only if the status of women is respected and the presence of an educated woman in the family would ensure education of the family itself.
Education and empowerment of women are close related.The Fourth world conference of Women held in Beijing in September 1995, had emphasised that no enduring solution of society's most threatening social, economic and political problems could be found without the participation and empowerment of the women.
The 1995 world summit for social development had also emphasised the pivotal role of women in eradicating poverty and mending the social fabric.
Life as a women in India, on some counts, is worse than almost every other country in the world, a new report has found. When it comes to health and survival, Indian women are better off than only one country in the entire world Armenia according to a new report on gender by the World Economic Forum. Accompained by considerable hormonal changes, the life stages of women are generally divided to pregnancy and delivery that are generally included as the life events unique to women. Being a woman means being able to be powerful and assertive, yet at the same time. It means being compassionate and vulnerable towards those we love in our lives without feelings weak for doing so. It means striving for our goals even in the face of the adversity we may encounter along the way. Twelve the average age at which a girl which a girl becomes a women is Twelve years and seven months although the exact timing of her first period will follow that of her mother, according to scientist at the University of London.
Men who have marital partners also live longer than men without spouses; men who marry after 25 get more protection than those who tie the knot at a younger age, and the longer a man stays married, the greater his survival advantages over his unmarried peers. For more than a decade, heart disease and cancer have claimed the first and second spots respectively as the leading causes of deaths in America. Together, the two causes are responsible for 46 percent of deaths in the united states. Aging bodies are made of aging cells that are unable to fight and heal as they once did. There are various ways of shuffling off this mortal coil, but people actually die from injury or disease. No one dies of old age, But nothing dies from simply being old. From around the age of 25 the first signs of aging start to become apparent on the surface of the skin. Fine lines appear first and wrinkles, a loss of volume and a loss of elasticity become noticeable over time. Our skin ages for a variety of different reasons.
While love may be the biggest reason people marry, its not the only one. In general people make the commitment to spend their lives together for more than a single reasons. Every couple chooses to commit to marriage because it serves their needs and supports their values and dreams. All men love receiving compliments, just women do too. But they rarely ever ask for it. They just expect you to appreciate their efforts or their performance on your own. Its their dose of ego boost; its what drives them in bed and outside of it. Interestingly, however women believe their beauty peaks at 31 but agree with men than 30 is the most seductive age for a woman. According to the survey, men are the most confident in bed between the ages of 50 and 69, while women experience their peak of sexual confidence between 18 and 29. Math says that this is the perfect age to get married, A new study suggests that people get married between the age of 28 and 32 if they don't want to get divorced, at least in the first five years.
The definition of "women' issues" varied but included women's sexual and reproductive health, child are leave, domestic violence, equal pay for equal work, marital law welfare policies and education. It was difficult for women to rule in those days because then it was a a male dominated society, women were not educated like men, exposure and platform for growth was not equal. They were restricted to household work and family responsibilities. Mentality of the society of the society in terms of women empowerment was very narrow. The sacrifice made by the women of India will occupy the foremost place. When most of the men freedom fighters were in prison, the women came forward and took charge of the struggle. They fought with true spirit and unafraid courage and faced various tortures, exploitation, and hardships to earn us freedom.
In the 19th century the male social reformers with the blessing of the British administrators, influenced by western liberal democratic values initiated the process of fight against female infanticide , widow-burning, segregation of women from the public life, prostitution and begging by the destitute women. Women are the primary caretakers of children and elders in every country of the world. International studies demonstrate that when the economy and political organization of a society change, women take the lead in helping the family adjust to new realities and challenges.
Some common causes include: Emotional causes, such as stress, relationship problems, depression or anxiety, a memory of sexual abuse or rape and unhappiness with your body. Physical causes, such as hormone problems, pain from an injury or other problems, and certain conditions such as diabetes or arthritis. Gandhi played an important role in motivating women to participate in the freedom movement and in politics. Gandhi ideas about women and their role in political life was a deparature from those of the 20th century reformers. He saw women as a potential force in the struggle to build a new social and political orders.
