The three main types of learning disabilities are: Reading disabilities, Written language disabilities, and Math disabilities.
Reading disability:-
A reading disability is a condition in which a sufferer displays difficulty reading. Examples of reading disabilities include: developmental dyslexia, alexia (acquired dyslexia), and hyperlexia (word-reading ability well above normal for age and IQ).
Types of Reading Disorders
• Word decoding. People who have difficulty sounding out written words struggle to match letters to their proper sounds.
• Fluency. People who lack fluency have fluency have difficulty reading quickly, accurately, and with proper expression (if reading aloud).
• Poor reading comprehension.
In summary, a reading disorder is a generic term for a specific learning disability in areas of phonological processing, reading comprehension, and/or reading fluency. Dyslexia is a specialized term for a specific type of reading disability characterizes by difficulties with phonological processing and reading fluency.
Providers usually use a series of test to diagnose a reading disorder. They assess a person's memory, spelling abilities, visual perception and reading skills. Family history, a child's history of response to instruction, and other assessments might also be involved.
Types of Learning Disabilities
• Dyscalculia. A specific learning disability that affects a person's ability to understand numbers and learn math facts.
• Dysgraphia.
• Non-verbal Learning Disabilities.
• Oral/Written Language Disorder and specific Reading Comprehension Deficit.
6 Types of dyslexia
• Phonological Dyslexia
• Surface Dyslexia
• Visual Dyslexia
• Primary Dyslexia
• Secondary/development Dyslexia
• Trauma Dyslexia also referred to as Acquired Dyslexia.
Children who have difficulty with attention often have difficulty with reading comprehension. Students with an attention disorder (such as Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder) have trouble focusing on the material and frequently become distracted, leading to poor comprehension.
Here are five of the most common learning disabilities in classrooms today.
• Dyslexia is perhaps the best known leaning disability.
• ADHD Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder has affected more than 6.4 million children at some point.
• Dyscalculia.
• Dysgraphia.
• Processing Deficits.
Learning disabilities are traditionally diagnosed by conducting two test and noticing a significant discrepancy between their scores. These tests are an intelligence (or IQ) test and a standardized achievement (reading, writing, arithmetic) tests.
Written language disabilities:-
A written language is the representation of a spoken or gestural language by means of a writing system. A written language exists only as a complement to a specific spoken language, and no natural language is purely written.
A disorder of written language involves a significant impairment in fluent word recognition (i.e., reading decofing and sight word recognition), reading comprehension, written spelling, or written expression (i.e., written composition; Ehri, 2000; Gough & 1986 &, Tummer & Chapman, 2007, 2012)
Dysgraphia is a learning disability that affects writing abilities. It can manifest itself as difficulties with spelling, poor handwriting and trouble putting thoughts on paper. Because writing requires a complex set of motor and information processing skills, saying a student has dysgraphia is not sufficient.
The skills required for effective writing include knowledge of spelling, capitalization, punctuation and grammar, an understanding of how word order in sentence affects meaning and the ability to distinguish main ideas from supporting ideas or details. Listening involves understanding what we hear.
"Dysgraphia" and "specific learning disorder in written expression" are terms used to describe those individuals who, despite exposure to adequate instruction, demonstrate writing ability discordant with their cognitive level and age. Dysgraphia can present with different symptoms at different ages.
Dyslexia is a language based learning difference commonly associated with spelling difficulties and reading problems. And while not being able to spell can be helped through spell-check and proofreading, reading difficulties are far more serious as they can cause kids to quickly fall behind at school.
Sumerian language, language isolate and the oldest language in existence. First attested about 3100 bce in southern Mesopotamia, it flourished during the 3rd millennium bce.
Written expression is the ability to convey meaning through writing. It involves low level skills such as spelling, punctuation, capitalization, and grammar, but also high level composition skills such as planning, organization, determining content, and revision to express information effectively.
Math Disabilities:-
Dyscalculia is learning disability in math. People with dyscalculia have trouble with math at many levels. They often struggle with key concepts like bigger vs and they can have a hard time doing basic math problems and more abstract math.
MD is attributed to deficits in one or more or five different skill areas:-
• Mastering basic number facts. Examples of math facts are 5+5=10, 4-2=2, 3x4=12, 10/2=5.
• Arithmetic weaknesses.
• The Written symbol system/concrete materials.
• The language of Math.
• Visual-Spatial Aspect of Math.
Types of Learning Disabilities
• Dyscalculia, A specific learning disability that affects a person's ability to understand numbers and learn math facts.
• Dysgraphia
• Dyslexia.
• Non-verbal Learning Disabilities.
• Oral/ Written Language Disorder and specific Reading Comprehension Deficit.
Typical symptoms include:-
• difficulty counting backwards.
• difficulty remembering "basic" facts.
• slow to perform calculations.
• weak mental arithmetic skills.
• a poor sense of number & estimation.
• Difficulty in understanding place value.
• Addition is often the default operation.
• High levels of mathematics anxiety.
Dyscalculia is a math learning disability that impairs an individual's ability to learn number-related concepts, performs accurate math calculation, reason and problem solve, and perform other basic math skills. Dyscalculia is sometimes called "number dyslexia or math dyslexia."
Math seems difficult because it takes time and energy. Many people don't experience sufficient time to "get" math lessons, and they fall behind as the teacher moves on. Many more on to study more complex concepts with a shaky foundation. We often end up with a weak structure that is doomed to collapse at some point.
Dysgraphia can appear as difficulties with spelling and/or trouble putting thoughts on paper. Dysgraphia is a neurological disorder that generally appear when children are first learning to write
I wouldn't be surprised if single variable integral calculus was the hardest (and last) math class that most people are exposed to, but that doesn't mean that it's actually the hardest. That honor probably belongs to the first course in abstract algebra, which is a big conceptual heap for most people.
