1. Motivation:- Learning is not possible without motivation. Realization of need drives the person to perform some activity. Stress developed because of some psychological imbalance in the body sustains the activity until the goal is achieved. Thus in this process individual learns different type of responses to achieve the goal. In the Thorndike's experiment on cat motivation for the piece of meat drives the cat to learn to open the cage.
2. Practice:- Any success response, which helps in achievement of goal is repeated again and again. This practice of response makes it more strongly learnt by the individual.
For example:- A child practising daily to learn to drive cycle will ultimately learn it.
3. Nature of learning materials:- Meaningfulness, length and difficulty level of learning material do affect the speed of learning. It is found that meaningful material is learnt at faster speed than non-meaningful material. Similarly easy material is learnt at slower speed. It is also observed that the difficulty level of some material if increase, it is learnt at better speed than the material as a whole difficult or easy.
4. Learning method:- Method with which some given material learnt also affects the learning. It is found that active learning is better than passive learning. If learner is actively involved in learning process it will help to learn at better speed. Similarly, whole learning is better than part learning. It means that if material is learnt as a whole rather than learning will be much better. Further spaced learning is better than mass learning. It means that learning material should be learnt with intermediate intervals rather than continuously. Learning by understanding is better than mechanism learning.
5. Environmental factors:- Noise, temperature, light, air are some environmental factors which do affect the learning. Noise, hot or chilled conditions, very bright light may affect the learning negatively. Learning will be better in peaceful, moderate temperature and light conditions.
6. Learner:- Certain states of the learner also have determining affect on learning.
a. Interest: If subject has interest in learning then learning will take place easily.
b. Drugs: Intake of drugs can negatively affect the learning of a person.
C. Trauma: learning during traumatic conditions of life can affect the speed of learning.
d. Age: Speed of learning do increase upto a particular age and afterward it slows down or becomes constant.
e. Intelligence: with the rise in intelligence level there is an increase in the speed of learning. Thus intelligence is positively correlated with learning.
f. Mental set: If a person is mentally ready to learn a task, it will be learnt with ease.
g. Health: Health is also positively correlated with learning. Good health do facilitate the learning process and poor health adversely affects the learning.
h. Emotions: Upto certain increase in the intensity of emotions learning speed also rises but after that limit in negatively affects the learning.
METHODS OF LEARNING:-
It has been concluded through various researches that different methods of learning are used to acquire different types of knowledge. Some of the major methods are given below:
1. Massed and distributed method: In masse method, the process of learning is completed without any obstacle or rest while in the process of distributed method, rest period is kept in between.
2. Whole and part method: In whole method, the total teaching matter is taught in one attempt, while in case of part method, Teaching material is presented by dividing it in parts.
3. Active and passive method:- In active method, student pronounces the teaching matter again and again. He learns by speaking by or action, while in passive method, he learns only through brain instead of physical activity.
Methods of learning can also be describe under following heading:-
1. Learning through imitation: In this method the learner observes the actions of other people and then tries to imitate them.
2. Learning by conditioning: In this, the action is associated or conditioned with some other object or action and the sequence begins with a stimulus. Giving food at definite time after ringing the bell, and later on the dog begins to salivate on hearing the bell, is an example of this type of learning.
3. Learning by trail and error: Repeating an action again and again improving upon the mistake and then trying again, also help in acquiring knowledge. This is a labortions technique.
There are a number of the factors that influence an individuals learning like movement, repetition, feedback, stress, and emotions. The Impact of culture. The research involved in writing "How People Learn" Uncovered the importance that plays in the classroom and in the students life. Learning is Dynamic. Mental Models and Learning Strategies. Motivation to learn. The Role of Technology. These include intelligence, motivation, interests, attitudes, beliefs, values, learning styles etc. All these personal and environment factors play a crucial role in influencing student learning. We classify these factors into different categories on the basis of their nature. Motivation of all of the factors that can affect how people learn, motivation might be the most important. Intellectual Ability. Intellectual ability also affects learning. Attention spans. Attention spans vary among both children adults and Prior knowledge.
Motivation is the most important factor influencing the learner. If the learner has no motivation to learn, any amount of force will be futile. More the motivation better will be the learning. In addition to motivation, the learner should have a definite goal. The learning environment dramatically affects the learning outcomes of students. Schools open and noise, inappropriate temperature, insufficient light, overcrowded classes, misplaced board and inappropriate classroom layout all make up factors that could be confounding variables distracting students in class. Among the factors influencing training and development in the hotel industry include organizational change, competition, Organization Cultural, product expansion or problem, technological changes and guest demands to improve quality fuels the need for training and development. Here, internal factors are defined as those that the student brings with him or her to a particular learning situation, including attitude, aptitude, perception and motivation. External factors are those that characterize a particular learning situation.
Effective teacher learning and professional development is important for student achievement. Teacher learning is a continuous process that promotes teachers' teaching skills, master new knowledge, develop new proficiency, which in turn, help improve students learning. The techniques include elaborative interrogation, self-explanation, summarization, highlighting, the keyword mneemonic, imagery use for text learning, rereading, practice testing, distributed practice, and interleaved practice. The aim of education is to provide direction to the process of education. There are different aims of education like aim, vocational aim, cultural aim, moral aim, spiritual aim, intellectual aim, etc. Human being is considered to be a social animal. Learning, however is also a social process. In the classroom, learning takes place when the learner interacts with instructor and peers. The learning environment and classroom dynamic may affect the learning experience either positively or negatively.
The one factor that surfaced as the single most influential component of an effective school is the individual teachers within that school. Teacher can promote or stifle academic success. It all hings on social and emotional learning and the relationships they build with their students. Increased job satisfaction and morale among employees. Increase employee motivation. Increase efficiencies in processes, resulting in financial gain. Increased capacity to adopt new technologies and method. The 21st century learning skills are often called the 4C's: critcal thinking, creative thinking, communicating and collaborating. These skills help students learn, and so they are vital to success in school and beyond. Classroom environment is one of the most important factors affecting students learning. Such an environment provides relevant content, clear learning goals and feedback, opportunities to build social skills, and strategies to help students succeed.
Broadly speaking, the function of teachers is to help students learn by imparting knowledge to them and by setting up a situation in which students can and will learn effectively. But teachers fill a complex set a roles, which vary from one society to another and from one educational level to another. The main goal learning strategies is to get students to become more effective learners. Research on the topic has shown us plenty of different ways to do that. But the three most famous learning strategies are mnemonic, structural and generative. Know your students names and use their names as often as possible. Plan for every class try wing it. Pay attention to the strengths and limitations of each of your students. Reward their strengths and strengthen their weakness. To us, the ultimate goal of education is to spark a pursuit of knowledge in the child, so that they keep on learning as they grow into whoever they choose to be. Innovation, Making things better 4 our world, we have to teach kids this innovative mindset.
